Nacistlar rejimi haqida...

[kanzler]

Salom aziz adabiyot shinavandalari!
Bunday topic kiritganimga hayron bo'lmangizlar, menga shu mavzuda ma'lumot kerak. Ya'ni:

1933 yildan 1945 yilgacha bo'lgan Naci rejimi hamda 2-jahon urushining sovet matbuotida yoritilishi

Buning uchun menga rus web-sahifalaridagi yoki arxivlaridagi ma'lumotlar kerak. Mana shu mavzu buyicha birorta adres biladiganlar shu yerda manga web-adreslarni qoldirsangizlar.

Va Rusiya arxivlari bilan bog'lanish chun email adreslarini biladiganlar bormi?


Men nemis gruppadoshlarim bilan shu vamzuda seminar qilishim kerak bir oydan keyin.

Oldindan hammaga rahmat!

[EPOH]

Assalomu alaykum Asadbek,

I found some articles about the topic that you asked. I am pasting one of them here. I hope you will find some useful info in it. I will be looking for some more data and try to post it here as soon as I am done with my papers.

If you need directly contact me, please email me . Have a good weekend.



Regards UMID a.k.a HOPE



War against subhumans: comparisons between the German war against the Soviet Union and the American war against Japan, 1941-1945.
Author: Weingartner, James. Source: The Historian v. 58 (Spring 1996) p. 557-73 ISSN: 0018-2370 Number: BHUM97017562 Copyright: The magazine publisher is the copyright holder of this article and it is reproduced with permission. Further reproduction of this article in violation of the copyright is prohibited.


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While both the United States and Germany were principal combatants in the Second World War and confronted many similar challenges, the two societies differed profoundly from one another. The Nazi dictatorship, having built a brutally repressive system of domestic social control during peacetime, evolved during the war years into a machine of mass terror and extermination. Hitler supplemented the slaughter precipitated by military aggression with the murder of millions of non-combatant inhabitants of Europe in an effort to realize the objectives of genocidal Nazi ideology. The United States, by contrast, in fighting what was essentially a defensive war, preserved, with some notable exceptions, the fundamentals of a pluralistic democracy. Although the titanic U.S. military machine inflicted vast physical damage and great loss of life on non-combatant populations, this was the product not of ideological fanaticism but of a sometimes brutal pragmatism.

Nevertheless, a significant similarity of attitude shared by the two powers invites analysis and promises a more stimulating exercise in comparative history than the perhaps more obvious parellels between Germany and Japan. The United States and Nazi Germany each regarded at least one of its multiple adversaries in a manner encouraging, if not dictating, a higher degree of brutality and disregard for the laws of war than that shown to more favored enemies. For Germany, the pariah among its foes was the Soviet Union; for the United States, a comparable status was held by Japan.(FN1).

To be sure, atrocities occurred even in the course of combat with enemies who were regarded more positively. In the notorious Malmedy Massacre of 17 December 1944, 72 captured American soldiers were executed by members of the 1st SS Panzer Division. Less well-known, but similar in scope and nature, was the killing of approximately 75 Axis prisoners by troops of the U.S. 45th Infantry Division near Biscari, Sicily, on 14 July 1943. Both atrocities were encouraged by inflammatory pre-combat rhetoric delivered by commanding officers. According to testimony presented at the postwar Malmedy Massacre trial (U.S. v. Valentin Bersin et al.), SS-Oberstgruppenfuehrer "Sepp" Dietrich, commander of the 6th Panzer Army, had instructed his officers to remember the German victims of Allied bombing and to kill prisoners where combat circumstances required it. Multiple witnesses testified that the commander of the U.S. 7th Army, Lieutenant General George Patton, had delivered a pre-invasion address in which he directed that enemy troops who continued to resist to within 200 yards of advancing U.S. forces were to be killed, even if they offered to surrender.(FN2) Both atrocities occurred within the context of highly stressful combat situations. The German perpetrators had the crucial assignment of establishing a bridgehead over the Meuse river for the 6th Panzer Division during the last-ditch Ardennes offensive, an objective that strongly discouraged the delay attendant on holding prisoners. Practices learned in Russia, where the 1st SS Panzer Division had spent much combat time, may also have played a role. At Biscari, American troops new to combat were advancing against a well-concealed enemy who had inflicted casualties upon them by what they perceived as sniper fire, some allegedly directed at American wounded and medical personnel.(FN3).

[EPOH]

The Malmedy and Biscari massacres were not unique occurrences on the more "civilized" battlefields of the West. But these and many similar incidents were sporadic events, precipitated by varying combinations of factors, including the elevated emotions of combat, a desire to avenge real or imagined atrocities, or acts of treachery committed by the enemy. Any or all of these stimuli might be aggravated by precombat indoctrination or exhortations as well as prior combat experience and the institutional ethos of the perpetrators. The perceived inherent nature of the enemy, however, did not in itself justify his destruction. The foe might often be perceived as evil--the German as "Nazi" or the American as "gangster"--but these could be construed as acquired characteristics, not shared by all enemy personnel and not necessarily indelible. Popular wartime depictions of Germans sometimes came close to denying their humanity, but this perspective was not strongly reflected in the attitudes of American troops. Surveys conducted among veteran combat infantrymen indicate that a majority of those whose battle experience was gained in Europe believed that the enemy "were men just like us."(FN4) While such surveys were not conducted among German troops, German propaganda organs also did not attempt to dehumanize the Western adversary. Negative qualities were attributed instead to the corrupting influences of alien (and themselves subhuman) forces. An indoctrination leaflet distributed to units of the Waffen-SS in 1944, for example, explained blandly that:.

Yes, the American soldier is racially related to us, but he does not carry the same spirit. Most of these people are empty vessels, without any well-founded knowledge of the great "why" of personal sacrifice and commitment. They say, "We want to secure a new base for American commerce in Europe." ... But this rests on pure Jewish-materialistic thought.(FN5).

Atrocities in the Western combat environment between adversaries who recognized their common humanity were tangential to the war itself, but combat with enemies perceived as "subhuman".--the German struggle with the Soviet Union and the United States' conflict with Japan--was fundamentally different. Both circumstances had deep roots within the respective societies. Nazi consignment of the Slav to the status of Untermensch was based on attitudes that originated in the Drang nach Osten (Drive to the East) of the Middle Ages and assumed their modern forms in the great nineteenth-century upswelling of European nationalism. These attitudes were reinforced by the popularization of pseudo-scientific racism, the horrors of World War I, and the Bolshevik Revolution. Negative opinion in the United States toward the Japanese must be viewed within the context of the 400-year history of contacts between Europeans and peoples of color, where the tendency of the former was to view the latter as inferior and dangerous. American attitudes had already been manifested in brutal and murderous fashion in the institution of slavery, genocidal policies applied to indigenous American populations, and in the bloody "pacification" of the Philippines. Such beliefs may be traced as far back as the ancient Greek belief in the existence of "monstrous races" of wild men living in far-distant lands, a concept that was absorbed into early Christian thought.(FN6).

In purely military terms, the Russo-German and Japanese-American wars of 1941-45 were very different. The former was a confrontation between enormous land forces maneuvering over many thousands of square miles and continuing virtually uninterrupted for almost four years. The latter, on the other hand, involved smaller land forces in sporadic contact with one another in the course of Japanese expansion after the Pearl Harbor raid and the U.S. counter-offensive that began in August 1942 and continued until the end of hostilities three years later. The pivotal battles of this war were not confrontations between great land armies but naval engagements, highly impersonal affairs fought at long range. In contrast to the Russo-German war, enemy civilian populations were only infrequently involved, as happened in the battle for Okinawa and in the American strategic bombing offensive in the final year of the war. Germany did not conduct a sustained strategic bombing campaign against the Soviet Union, but parallels can be seen in its brutal war against Soviet partisans. Space does not permit an extensive discussion of these important issues, but it might be pointed out that both were indiscriminate, facilitated by racial hatred, and cost large numbers of innocent civilians their lives.(FN7).

[EPOH]

More striking is the similarity of images held and propagated by Germans and Americans of their respective enemies. In both cases, the adversary was depicted as less than human and preternaturally brutal. The Nazis unleashed a tidal wave of venom against the army and people of the "Jewish-led slave state." In August 1941, Hitler declared that "the Russian is no more than an animal." On 2 October, the Führer stated to German troops about to embark on the fateful drive on Moscow that the enemy were "beasts, not soldiers."(FN8) A month later, the Red Army was characterized as driven by "fear and insane animalistic fanaticism." Addressing troops of the Waffen-SS about to enter battle in the Soviet Union in July 1941, Reichsfuehrer-SS Heinrich Himmler observed:.

On the other side stands a population of 180 million, a mixture of races whose very names are unpronounceable, and whose physique is such that one can shoot them down without pity and compassion. These animals that torture and ill-treat every prisoner from our side ... you will see for yourself.(FN9).

To propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels, the Russians were "not a people, but a conglomeration of animals ..."(FN10).

Images of the Soviet enemy disseminated to German troops differed little from Goebbels's racist fulminations. A veteran of the early stages of the war in the East recalls pre-attack exhortations replete with references to subhuman adversaries; a directive to German forces proclaimed that, "Anyone who has ever looked in the face of a Red Commissar knows what the Bolsheviks are like ... we would be insulting the animals if we were to describe these men, who are mostly Jewish, as beasts."(FN11) Receiving wide circulation was the SS-published pamphlet entitled Der Untermensch, in which pictures of tall, blond, clean-cut Aryans were contrasted with the swarthy, beetle-browed "Untermenschen," whose "natural environment is a swamp."(FN12) The SS journal Das Schwarze Korps variously referred to Germany's eastern adversaries as "Bolshevik herd people of animal gruesomeness" and "race-bastard types," whose nature was not only subhuman but "sub-bestial."(FN13) These images were internalized by many German soldiers. Letters written by troops fighting in the East contain frequent references to the enemy as "subhuman," "mad dogs," and "animals." The Russians, a German soldier wrote early in the campaign, are "no longer human beings, but wild hordes and beasts." A non-commissioned officer of the 251st Infantry Division observed that if these "animalized" (vertierten) soldiers were to invade Germany, it would mean the end of all that was German.(FN14).

Unlike Nazi Germany, in the United States images of the enemy were not controlled by totalitarian agencies, nor were those images expressed in the language of a pseudo-scientific racist ideology. Indeed, physical anthropology in the United States had shifted from an emphasis on racial hierarchy to egalitarianism in the interwar years. The view of the Japanese adversary widely propagated--in part by governmental agencies--and accepted by Americans was, however, in many respects similar to that of the people of the Soviet Union extant in wartime Germany. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, long-standing antipathies toward members of colored races in general, and East Asians in particular, were focused on the Japanese. These attitudes were especially prevalent in the military. "It was just a natural feeling that developed elementally," recalled one Marine Corps veteran in explaining his hatred of the Japanese.(FN15) Another observed that "... the Japanese made a perfect enemy. They had so many characteristics an American could hate. They were small, a strange color and, by some American standards, unattractive ... Marines did not consider they were killing men. They were wiping out dirty animals."(FN16) John Hersey, while on Guadalcanal in October 1942, was told by a Marine:.

... the Japs are like animals. Against them you have to learn a whole new set of physical reactions. You have to get used to their animal stubbornness and tenacity. They take to the jungle as if they had been bred there, and like some beasts you never see them until they are dead.(FN17) Ernie Pyle, on relocating from the European theater to the Pacific, noted that: "... I've already gathered the feeling that the Japanese are looked upon as something inhuman and squirmy--like some people feel about cockroaches or mice."(FN18).

[EPOH]

Uffff, boardni tu'ldirib tashlabman ku. Asadbek, why don't you email me. It would be better if you did so. Thanx.

Salom bilan HOPE

[Akhee-Abdullah]

BTW, Yesterday I skimmed through a book, "Hitler could have won" (or somth like this, not really sure), if that sounds intersting to you I'll refer it to you. lemmi know...
Cheers, :)

[kanzler]

EPOH,
sizga kotta rahmat jura shuncha vaqtizni ayamay reply qilib qoldirganingiz uchun.
Ammo... Hammasi inglizchada ekan, tem bolee, sovet matbuoti (sovetskaya pressa) da yoritilishi kerak, ya'ni, bu rejim haqida usha davrda sovet pressasining yozishi, propagandasi va hokazolar.
Bu borada ancha izlanishlar bo'lganligi aniq, men faqat tug'ri manba'larga tusha olmayapman.
Menga iloji bo'lsa rus va nemis tilidagi ma'lumotlar kerak. Ingliz tilidan saalgina qiynalish bor... ;-)

Komsomolskaya Pravda chiqar edi usha paytlar, usha gazetaning nomi nima hozir i ushani web-adresini biladiganlar bormi?

Shu o'rinda bir narsani aytay, kimdir, Gitler yutib chiqishi mumkin edi, debdi. Mutlaqo noto'g'ri gap... Nemis qo'shinlari Stalingrad va Moskow ostonalaridan chekinganlaridan keyin uje urush ular uchun befoyda ekanligi uje aniq edi.
Undan tashqari, anchagina nemis generallari va yetakchilari Gitlerga qarshi suiqasdlar uyushtirishgan, rejalashtirishgan. 1938 yildayoq Gitlerni hibsga olishga harakat qilishadi, lekin uddalay olishmaydi.
Eng oxirgi va mashhur suiqasddan biri bu 1944 yil 20 iyulda bo'lgan, lekin rejadagidek amalga oshmaydi va aybdor deb hibsga olinganlar 4 avgustdayoq gaz kameralarda sekin ijro etiladigan o'limga mahkum etiladi. Sud esa bir tomonlama o'tkaziladi, oqlovchilar esa sudlanuvchilardan 5 metr uzoqda utirishga majbur qilinadilar.
Sud jarayoni uta maxfiy ravishda filmga olinadi, sudyadan boshqa hech kim bilmaydi. Ya'ni, Nazistlarning uzlari propaganda maqsadida filmga olishadi hamda "Geheime Reichssache" (Saltanatning maxfiy ishi) nomli film tayyorlanadi.
Bu filmni 4 kun avval darsda kurishga imkoniga ega bo'ldik :-)

Mayli, vaqtlaringizni olmaylik, iloji bulsa, usha Moskow gazetalari haqida ma'lumot beringizlar :-)

Hurmat ila Asadbek

[Duma]

EPOH: jaa xozirjavobsanda..
Endi Asadbekga bitta katta inglizcha slovar' sotib olib bergin :D

[kanzler]

:-D

Duma, nima, inglizchani zur bilaman deb mani mazax qilyapsizmi?
A tak, jasadimga yarasha bilaman manam :-)

Regards

[EPOH]

Duma (Apr 11, 2001 03:31):
EPOH: jaa xozirjavobsanda..
Endi Asadbekga bitta katta inglizcha slovar' sotib olib bergin :D

Mr. Duma s romashkoy,

Duma chol Duma chol lavlaginga sharbat sol

Don't get lost bust....

Asadbek, Ulug' Vatan urushi vaqtidagi sovet matbuoti haqida ma'lumot topishga harakat qilaman.

UMID

[Adiba]

Asadbek, iltimosga binoan siz suragan ma'lumotlar...

Pressa v Internete:

IZVESTIYA: -http://www.izvestia.ru
MOSKOVSKIY KOMSOMOLEZ: www.mk.ru (!)(buni ayniqsa suragan ediz)
ARGUMENTI U FAKTI : www.aif.ru
MOSKOSVKIE NOVOSTI:www.mn.ru
OGONYOK:www.ropnet.ru/ogonyok
MIR KARTOCHEK:www.bizcom.ru/cardds/html
MIR SVYAZI INFORMAZII:Connect!-http:/www.connect.ru
VESTI: www.vesti.ru
NEZAVISIMAYA GAZETA www.ng.ru
NYANYA: www.nanya.ru :D
SEGODNYA: www.segodnya.ru


SOFTWARE
http://www.listsoft.ru/95/programs.html
www.downlaod.ru
www.freeware.ru
www.gurusoft.ru
http://rus-soft.unet.ru


SPIELE :D
www.newgames.ru
www.games.ru



RUSSISCHE SUCHMASCHINEN
IT InforArt Stars: www.stars.ru
The List of Russian Web Servers: www.weblist.ru/
Prosto Ru www.prosto.ru
Russia on Line Internet Start: www.online.ru/rwelcome.cgi
Yandex: http://www.yandex.ru/

Bitte sehr, Herr Nesterenko! :D

[qichiq]

hehe,qalay endi Herr Nesterenko ;P

[kanzler]

Voyy, rahmat Adibaxon!
Ayni ko'nglimdan chiqdingiz, shularni bilmay utiribmana :-D
Rahmat yana bir bor ;-)

Qichiq, siz qichiq qilmay turing xop :-)

Nesterenko, hahahahahahahha

[qichiq]

Mana shu odamni ahtarayapsizmi Nesterenko!!!



C:\Eigene Dateien\hitler.jpg

[qichiq]

Bilmagandan qiyin ekanda Nesterenko, hech qisi yuq, yana urinaman, hhehe ;P

[img="C:\Eigene Dateien\hitler.jpg"]

[qichiq]

Bu ham bulmadi, hullas adresini beraman uzingiz uqib olasiz...

http://www.stormfront.org/books/mein_kampf/index.html

[kanzler]

Qichiqboy,
rostdan ham qichiq ekansiz :-D

Erinmay shunaqa narsalardan topganizga ham rahmat :-)

[qichiq]

Agar usha kitobni uqisalariz haqiqatdan ham Führerga tan berasiz, va shunga ishonasizki qanaqa 3ta harf ekan usha yevriylar(yahudiylar) ;P